It forms part of the global ocean "conveyor belt" connecting the Pacific, Atlantic and Indian oceans. The system regulates Earth's climate and pumps water, heat and nutrients around the globe.
In recent years, about two-thirds of sea level rise was from the addition of water from land into the ocean by melting ice sheets and glaciers. About a third came from thermal expansion of seawater.
An influx of fresh water from the melting sheets is changing the properties of the ocean and its circulation patterns, altering the water’s salinity which determines the density of the water.
Important state variables measured for parcels of water in the ocean are therefore temperature, which is related to the heat content, salinity, which is related to the amount of dissolved matter ...