Purpose: To examine the issue of pain assessment in infants by acquiring all available published pain assessment tools and evaluating their reported reliability, validity, clinical utility, and ...

Accurate pain reporting in sickle cell disease is critical to effective pain assessment and management, but accuracy depends on patient comprehension of forms.

The search of the 4 databases revealed a total of 35 infant pain assessment tools. Many tools were unidimensional in nature. Additionally, some of the unidimensional tools were specifically ...