Kewanee is a city in Henry County, Illinois. "Kewanee" is the Winnebago word for greater prairie-chicken, which lived there. The population wa…Kewanee is a city in Henry County, Illinois. "Kewanee" is the Winnebago word for greater prairie-chicken, which lived there. The population was 12,509 in the 2020 census, down from 12,916 in 2010. According to the 2021 census gazetteer files, Kewanee has a total area of 6.61 square miles, of which 6.60 square miles is land and 0.01 square miles is water.